review · Infezioni in Medicina
Monkeypox is a rare viral disease endemic to central and western Africa that re-emerged globally in 2022, with confirmed cases spreading quickly across multiple nations. This sudden cross-border expansion has raised significant concern among international public health authorities, prompting urgent investigations into the origins and mechanisms driving the rapid increase in infections. The current scenario displays notable similarities to the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the potential for airborne transmission and swift, unexplained international dispersal. Halting further outbreaks requires early recognition of cases alongside prompt interruption of transmission chains. Recommended public health measures focus on deploying rapid and accurate diagnostic testing, conducting active disease surveillance, and applying strict containment protocols for infected individuals. Governments and policymakers must draw on lessons from previous health crises to coordinate active interventions and limit ongoing global transmission.
The unexpected international spread of monkeypox represents an emerging global health challenge that echoes previous pandemic threats. Identifying cases quickly, understanding transmission routes, and applying containment measures are essential to stop the infection from establishing itself more widely. Understanding the scale of the outbreak helps healthcare systems and policymakers prepare coordinated responses to protect populations from cross-border health risks.
The abstract identifies an immediate operational demand for rapid and accurate diagnostic tools and surveillance systems for public health authorities and disease control agencies. However, because the text reviews public health conditions rather than introducing a specific proprietary tool, platform, or therapeutic candidate, it does not detail a direct commercialisation pathway or define a technology readiness level.
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Monkeypox is a rare viral infection, endemic in many central and western African countries. The last international outbreak of monkeypox reported outside Africa occurred back in 2003. However, monkeypox has reemerged at a global scale with numerous confirmed cases across the globe in 2022. The rapid spread of cases through different countries has raised serious concerns among public health officials worldwide prompting accelerated investigations aimed to identify the origins and cause of the rapid expansion of cases. The current situation is reminiscent of the very early stages of the still ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Overlapping features between these, two seemingly alike viral entities include the possibility for airborne transmission and the currently unexplained and rapid spread across borders. Early recognition of cases and timely intervention of potential transmission chains are necessary to contain further outbreaks. Measures should include rapid and accurate diagnosis of cases meeting case definitions, active surveillance efforts, and appropriate containment of confirmed cases. Governments and health policymakers must apply lessons learned from previous outbreaks and start taking active steps toward limiting the recent global spread of monkeypox. Herein, we discuss the status of the current monkeypox outbreaks worldwide, the epidemiological and public health situation at a global scale and what can be done to keep at bay its further expansion and future global implications.
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DOI: 10.53854/liim-3003-6
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