Histopathological Alterations in Cardiac and Pulmonary Tissues Following Solder Paste Fume Inhalation in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Occupational exposure to solder paste fumes is common among handset repairers and workers in electronic and industrial settings, particularly in underdeveloped countries where protective measures are often lacking. Despite known health concerns, experimental evidence on the histopathological effects of solder paste fumes on vital organs remains limited. This study investigated the impact of chronic inhalation of solder paste fumes on the heart and lungs of Wistar rats. Forty rats were divided into control (n = 12) and exposed (n = 28) groups. The exposed group inhaled solder paste fumes at a dose of 0.18 g twice daily for eight weeks. Tissue samples were collected at two-week intervals for histopathological evaluation. Results revealed hyperemia and distortion of cardiac muscle fibers in the hearts of exposed rats, while lung tissues showed severe degenerative and necrotic changes in alveolar sacs and ducts. These findings demonstrate that prolonged inhalation of solder paste fumes causes significant cardiac and pulmonary tissue damage, highlighting serious cardiovascular and respiratory risks. The study underscores the importance of implementing appropriate occupational safety measures to protect individuals routinely exposed to solder fumes.