article · Journal of Clinical Medicine of Kazakhstan
This study investigated the specific histopathological changes in the placentas of pregnant women infected with COVID-19. Conducted at Lagos University Teaching Hospital during the pandemic, the cross-sectional descriptive study analysed placental evaluations alongside sociodemographic and medical data. The findings revealed several significant alterations. A high percentage of placentas showed increased syncytial knots (80%), calcification (80%), infarction (90%), and fibrin deposition (80%). Other observed changes included retroplacental haemorrhage (40%), thrombosis (20%), inflammation (40%), and vascular malformation (10%), with hyalinisation noted in 60% of cases. These results suggest that COVID-19 can significantly affect human placental structure and function.
Understanding the specific changes COVID-19 causes in the placenta is crucial for improving maternal and foetal health outcomes. These findings can inform clinical management strategies for pregnant women with COVID-19, potentially leading to better monitoring and interventions to mitigate risks to both mother and baby.
The abstract describes a descriptive study of histopathological findings and does not indicate an application pathway for commercialisation.
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Background: Coronaviruses, also known as COVID-19, are a group of highly infectious enveloped positive stranded RNA viruses that have been implicated to cause severe acute respiratory and systemic thrombotic syndrome. It is a multi-systemic disease whose manifestation can be seen in several organ systems. This study therefore aims to identify the specific histopathologic alterations in placenta tissue of COVID-19 pregnant women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study done at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, (LUTH). This study was carried out from April 2020 to October 2020 and from December 2020 to April 2021 during the pandemic. The information retrieved included sociodemographic data, medical and surgical history, pregnancy and delivery details, results of COVID-19 tests, and report of placental evaluation/examination. The data were entered and analyzed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Descriptive statistics were employed to report the findings. Results: Histopathology and gross examination of placentas from these pregnant women infected with COVID-19 reveals increased syncytial Knots in 80% of our cohort, calcification 80%, infarction 90%, fibrin deposition 80%, retroplacental haemorrhage 40%, hyalinization of vessels 10%, thrombosis 20%, inflammation 40%, vascular malformation in 10% hyalinization in 60% of cases thereby suggesting that COVID-19 may have significant impact on human placental structure and function. Out of 15 deliveries, one each was preterm, preeclampsia, and abruptio which were excluded from the study, and three patients declined to participate in the study.
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DOI: 10.23950/jcmk/16543
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