Histological, Immunohistochemical and biochemical alterations induced by Energy drinks on the Heart and Spleen of Adult male albino rats.

Abstract

Background: Energy Drinks (EDs) and Soft Drinks (SDs) are commonly used within teenagers and youth. These drinks contain multiple substances such as Caffeine, Guarana, Taurine and Ginseng, along with other ingredients like carbohydrates, vitamins, and mineral. It is obvious that these drinks stimulate several adverse effects but the most popular is cardiac, neurological, vascular and liver impairment. Aim of the work: Evaluation of the acute effects stimulated by energy drinks on the Heart and Spleen of Adult male albino rats. Material & methods: Red Bull was the substance that we utilized. Thirty (30) adult male albino rats were subdivided into three groups: Control group, group II (red bull group): given Energy drink at dose 2.2 ml/100gm body weight (BW) for 4 weeks and group III (recovery group): given Energy drink at the same previous dose and duration then no treatment for 15 days. Assessment of Serum anti-Creatine Kinase MB (anti-CK-MB), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) as well as histological and immunohistochemical approaches were done for cardiac and splenic tissues. Results: Serum anti-CK-MB, LDH, MDA, SOD were significantly higher in red bull group than control. On the other side recovery group showed significantly lower levels than red bull group but not the same as control. Histological and immunohistochemical examination of Red Bull group showed obvious alteration and disruption of cardiac and splenic tissues and the changes return near to normal in recovery group. Conclusion: Red bull energy drink produced multiple biochemical and histological changes in heart and spleen of adult male albino rats which were improved by its secession. So, too much intake of these drinks should be considered a health problem for human and more research is needed for this point.