article · ACS Omega
An optical biosensor has been developed to detect calcitonin, a key biomarker for medullary thyroid carcinoma, in patient serum samples. The sensor incorporates flower-shaped gold nanoparticle thin films embedded within a sol-gel and polyethylene glycol matrix. Characterised using techniques including electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy, the device operates via fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Calcitonin acts as a quencher, reducing fluorescence emission at 360 nanometres when excited at 333 nanometres in an acetonitrile medium. The system accurately measures calcitonin across a concentration span of 0.01 to 1000 picograms per millilitre, achieving a limit of detection of 0.707 picograms per millilitre with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. This optical sensing method enhances calcitonin sensitivity for early diagnosis and offers a pathway towards building diagnostic prototypes to follow up thyroid cancer during and following treatment.
Medullary thyroid carcinoma requires early and precise identification to improve patient outcomes. Measuring calcitonin in blood serum serves as a crucial diagnostic marker, but low biomarker levels demand exceptionally sensitive detection methods. By achieving detection limits below one picogram per millilitre, this optical biosensor provides a sensitive tool to support earlier cancer diagnosis and monitor disease progression or response throughout patient treatment.
The method has been tested on clinical serum samples and could enable diagnostic prototypes for monitoring thyroid cancer during and after medical treatment. Clinical laboratories and oncology diagnostic providers are potential end users. Operating at an applied testing stage, the technology provides a validated sensing mechanism and performance metrics, though practical commercialisation would require transition from laboratory testing into an integrated, field-ready prototype.
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We developed a novel, simple, sensitive, accurate, and precise method for the determination of calcitonin in different serum samples with medullar thyroid carcinoma. The designed flower-like thin film gold nanoparticles doped in a sol-gel/polyethylene glycol mold are used as an optical biosensor for the efficient determination of calcitonin. The sensor was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The efficiency of the considered bio-sensor is done using the quencher calcitonin of the emission band at 360 nm of biomarker obtained at λ<sub>ex</sub> = 333 nm in acetonitrile solvent. The sensing mechanism was based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The remarkable quenching of the fluorescence intensity at 360 nm of optical sensor by various concentrations of calcitonin was successfully used as an optical biosensor for the assessment of calcitonin for different serum samples of patients with medullar thyroid carcinoma. The calibration plot was prepared for the concentration range 0.01-1000 pg/mL of calcitonin with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 and a detection limit of 0.707 pg/mL. The suggested method augments the sensitivity of calcitonin as a useful biomarker for the early diagnosis of medullar thyroid carcinoma. This method is considered as a gateway for the construction of a new prototype for the follow-up of thyroid cancer in the spinal cord during and after treatment.
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DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02833
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