article · Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology
This research evaluated clay-based catalysts impregnated with transition metals for the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of the synthetic azo dye Methyl Orange. Catalysts modified with copper, vanadium, iron, and manganese were produced via a wet impregnation method and characterised using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Oxidation experiments tested varying catalyst loadings, hydrogen peroxide concentrations, and pH levels, revealing that the degradation process follows pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. Among the evaluated formulations, copper-modified clay displayed the highest efficiency, followed by vanadium, manganese, and iron. Under optimised parameters comprising a five percent copper loading and four grams per litre of catalyst, the system achieved approximately 98 percent colour removal and an almost 70 percent reduction in chemical oxygen demand within three hours.
Synthetic azo dyes commonly found in textile and industrial wastewater resist standard treatments and harm aquatic ecosystems. Utilising readily available clay impregnated with copper offers a low-cost, environmentally sustainable catalyst for advanced oxidation processes. This provides a potential route for industrial effluent treatment that effectively reduces both water colouration and organic pollutant loads without requiring complex or expensive catalyst materials.
The findings suggest applications in industrial effluent treatment, specifically for facilities discharging dye-laden wastewater such as textile plants. Technology transfer officers and environmental engineering providers could adapt these low-cost clay catalysts for advanced oxidation units. At present, this represents early-stage laboratory research based on synthetic dye solutions, meaning further testing under continuous-flow conditions and with complex, real industrial wastewater is necessary before commercial deployment.
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This study focuses on the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of the synthetic azo dye Methyl Orange (MO) using a set of clay-based catalysts impregnated with transition metals (Cu, V, Fe, and Mn).The prepared materials Cu/Clay, V/Clay, Fe/Clay, and Mn/Clay-were obtained through a wet impregnation route and characterized in detail using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to elucidate their structural and surface properties.The degradation of MO was investigated under exclusive experimental conditions, including variations in catalyst loading, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and pH.Kinetic information indicated that the oxidation followed a pseudo-first order reaction.Among the examined catalysts, Cu/ Clay exhibited the most efficient oxidative conduct, achieving approximately 98% color removal and nearly 70% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction after 3 h under optimized conditions (5% Cu loading, 4 g L⁻¹ catalyst).The catalytic activity decreased in the following order: Cu/Clay > V/Clay > Mn/Clay > Fe/Clay.Overall, these effects suggest that copper-modified clays can function as sensible, low-cost, and environmentally sustainable catalysts for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to treat dye-contaminated wastewater.
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DOI: 10.12912/27197050/224467
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