article · Physical review. E
This study examines modulational instability in continuous wave light signals within optical fibres subject to high-order physical effects. By applying Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, an extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation was formulated to account for higher-order dispersions, self-steepening, self-frequency shift, and cubic, quintic, and septic nonlinearities. Linear stability analysis revealed that the gain of modulational instability is sensitive to both high-order dispersion and nonlinear parameters, particularly the interaction between sixth-order dispersion, septic self-steepening, and septic self-frequency shift. Comparing this analysis with stability criteria for solitons helped identify specific dispersion configurations that enable soliton stability alongside modulational instability. Numerical simulations confirmed that input continuous waves generate a wide variety of nonlinear patterns. Furthermore, achieving a specific balance between sixth-order dispersion and the septic self-frequency shift strongly steers the propagation direction of these resulting optical wave patterns.
Understanding how intense light behaves in specialised optical fibres is essential for controlling optical signals. By clarifying how high-order dispersions and complex nonlinearities shape light pulses, these findings provide theoretical foundations for manipulating wave patterns and maintaining stable optical pulses, which are central concepts in advanced photonics and laser research.
This work represents early-stage fundamental research based on theoretical derivations and numerical simulations. While relevant to designers of advanced fibre laser systems and photonic crystal fibres, the abstract does not indicate a direct application pathway or near-market development. Practical commercialisation would require physical experimental validation in tailored optical fibre hardware.
AI-generated from the published abstract. Always read the original work before citing.
We investigate the modulational instability (MI) of a continuous wave (cw) under the combined effects of higher-order dispersions, self steepening and self-frequency shift, cubic, quintic, and septic nonlinearities. Using Maxwell's theory, an extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived. The linear stability analysis of the cw solution is employed to extract an expression for the MI gain, and we point out its sensitivity to both higher-order dispersions and nonlinear terms. In particular, we insist on the balance between the sixth-order dispersion and nonlinearity, septic self-steepening, and the septic self-frequency shift terms. Additionally, the linear stability analysis of cw is confronted with the stability conditions for solitons. Different combinations of the dispersion parameters are proposed that support the stability of solitons and the occurrence of MI. This is confronted with full numerical simulations where the input cw gives rise to a broad range of behaviors, mainly related to nonlinear patterns formation. Interestingly, under the activation of MI, a suitable balance between the sixth-order dispersion and the septic self-frequency shift term is found to highly influence the propagation direction of the optical wave patterns.
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DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.044208
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