article · Microbial Drug Resistance
This study investigated carbapenem resistance in gram-negative bacteria isolated from hospitalised patients in Egypt in 2014. Researchers used phenotypic and genotypic tests to identify carbapenemase production. The findings revealed a high prevalence of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria, with over half of the isolates carrying at least one carbapenem resistance gene. OXA-48-like and NDM-1 were the most common carbapenemases detected. The study also reported, for the first time in Egypt, carbapenemase-producing Serratia marcescens and Morganella morganii, as well as blaVIM-1-like-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, it was the first to show the co-existence of multiple carbapenemases in a significant proportion of isolates.
Carbapenem resistance in bacteria is a serious global health threat, making infections difficult to treat. Understanding the specific resistance mechanisms and their prevalence in regions like Egypt is crucial for developing effective public health strategies and preventing the widespread emergence of untreatable infections.
The abstract highlights the need for early detection of carbapenemase producers and regional surveillance. This suggests a potential for diagnostic tools or kits that can rapidly identify specific carbapenem resistance genes in clinical settings. Such tools would be valuable for healthcare providers and public health organisations to guide treatment and control the spread of resistant bacteria. This is applied research, indicating a clear pathway towards diagnostic product development.
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The emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria poses a serious threat to human health worldwide. Currently, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying carbapenem resistance and their prevalence among gram-negative bacteria in Egypt. In this study, we analyzed carbapenemase production in gram-negative bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients in Egypt in 2014. All isolates were subjected to phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility testing for carbapenem resistance. Our results indicated a high level of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria in Egypt, with 50.8% of the isolates harboring at least one carbapenem resistance gene. OXA-48-like and NDM-1 were the most prevalent carbapenemases, being detected in 49.2%, and 47.7% of carbapenemase-positive isolates, respectively, whereas Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM) was detected in only 26.2% of carbapenemase-positive isolates. This study reports for the first time carbapenemase-producing Serratia marcescens, Morganella morganii, and bla<sub>VIM-1-like</sub>-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Egypt. It is also the first demonstration of the coexistence of different carbapenemases, being detected in 21.5% of carbapenemase-positive isolates. Effective antibiotic supervision, regional surveillance, and early detection of carbapenemase producers are imperative to prevent their future spread to epidemic levels.
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DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0339
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