review · Liver Research
Hepatitis B virus infection remains a major global public health concern capable of leading to liver cirrhosis, decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronic infection prevalence varies from 0.1% to 35.0% across different countries and studied populations. Approximately one-third of liver cancer deaths globally are linked to the virus. Standard birth-dose immunisation programmes have achieved the most notable declines in infection rates. For patients without cirrhosis, annual liver cancer incidence ranges between 0.01% and 1.40%, rising to between 0.9% and 5.4% in cirrhotic individuals. While antiviral treatment considerably lowers the likelihood of developing liver cancer, it does not eliminate the danger entirely. Consequently, regular screening for hepatocellular carcinoma remains a vital clinical requirement for managing at-risk patients alongside ongoing antiviral therapy.
Hepatitis B continues to cause significant global mortality through liver cirrhosis and cancer. Understanding infection patterns, the preventive success of early vaccination, and the ongoing cancer risk even during antiviral treatment highlights the critical need for continued surveillance. This evidence helps healthcare planners and clinicians recognise why prevention and routine monitoring must remain high priorities worldwide.
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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant health problem that can result in progression to liver cirrhosis, decompensation, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). On a country level, the prevalence of chronic HBV infection varies between 0.1% and 35.0%, depending on the locality and the population being investigated. One-third of all liver cancer fatalities worldwide are attributable to HBV. The adoption of standard birth-dose immunization exerted the most significant impact on the decline of HBV prevalence. HCC incidence ranges from 0.01% to 1.40% in noncirrhotic patients and from 0.9% to 5.4% annually, in the settings of liver cirrhosis. Although antiviral therapy significantly reduces the risk of developing HBV-related HCC, studies have demonstrated that the risk persists, and that HCC screening is still essential. This review discusses the complex relationship between HBV infection and HCC, recent epidemiological data, different aspects of clinical disease characteristics, and the impact of antiviral therapy in this context.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.05.004
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