article · Horticulturae
An investigation of ripe Dasheri and Langra mango fruits from twelve towns across the Saharanpur district in Uttar Pradesh, India, evaluated the spatial presence and health risks of cadmium, chromium, lead, and arsenic. Using atomic absorption spectroscopy, researchers detected all four heavy metals, though every recorded concentration remained within established safe limits. Spatial analysis and clustering revealed significant geographic differences, with orchards situated near Saharanpur city displaying the highest overall metal concentrations. Between the two evaluated varieties, Dasheri consistently accumulated higher heavy metal levels than Langra. A health risk assessment based on target hazard quotients determined that overall health risk indices did not exceed safe thresholds for consumers. However, children exhibited higher risk index values than adults, offering essential biomonitoring baseline data for a key commercial mango growing region.
Food safety requires continuous monitoring of toxic contaminants in widely consumed crops. Understanding how heavy metals accumulate across different fruit varieties and locations helps protect consumer health, particularly for vulnerable groups such as children. This research confirms that mangoes from a major production hub in India remain safe for consumption while highlighting specific regional and varietal differences.
The abstract does not indicate an immediate commercial application pathway or product development opportunity. The findings represent applied environmental monitoring that could inform agricultural extension officers, food safety regulators, and orchard managers seeking to assess contamination risks or select lower accumulating crop varieties. Any regulatory or monitoring implementation remains at the stage of baseline scientific data collection rather than deployable commercial technology.
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The spatial assessment of four heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, and As) in two mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.) varieties (Dasheri and Langra) collected from the Saharanpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India, was investigated in this study. The samples of ripe mango fruits were collected from the orchards of 12 major towns in the Saharanpur district from May to June 2022. Heavy metal analysis using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) showed the presence of all selected heavy metals. Specifically, the concentration (mg/kg dry weight basis) range of Cd (0.01–0.08), Cr (0.11–0.82), Pb (0.02–0.15), and As (0.01–0.14) did not exceed the safe limits. The geospatial variation in the heavy metal concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) different as indicated by the inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) results. The multivariate statistical analysis using principal component (PC) and agglomerative hierarchical cluster (AHC) analyses revealed that the Saharanpur city location had the highest levels of selected heavy metals out of the 12 sampling locations. In this, the Dasheri variety was identified to have higher heavy metal concentrations in comparison to the Langra variety. Moreover, the health risk study using the target hazard quotient (THQ) confirmed that the levels did not exceed the safe health risk index (HRI) limit of 1. However, the health risk assessment for the child group showed relatively high HRI values (<0.35) compared to those of the adult group (<0.09). Therefore, considering the importance of the Saharanpur district in massive mango fruit production, this study provides vital information regarding the biomonitoring of heavy metals in the two most consumed varieties.
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DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8090832
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