review · Scientifica
Gut microbiota plays a multidirectional role across the body, influencing metabolic pathways, the immune system, the endocrine system, and the brain. An analysis of existing literature details how gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to metabolic disorders, such as obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, hyperuricemia, and hyperglycaemia. Bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and host metabolism relies on gut barrier integrity, immune modulation, and microbial-derived metabolites to shape metabolic homeostasis. Several microbiota-targeted approaches offer potential interventions for metabolic syndrome, including prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics, dietary modifications, and faecal microbiota transplantation. These findings highlight the mechanisms connecting microbial health to metabolic conditions and outline possibilities for developing treatments to address the burden of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications.
Metabolic syndrome and its linked complications represent a significant global health burden. Understanding the critical link between gut bacteria and metabolic health allows researchers and healthcare professionals to consider alternative therapeutic avenues, such as dietary changes and microbiome-targeted therapies, to help manage and treat widespread conditions like obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes.
The findings point to therapeutic opportunities for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and biotechnology developers creating microbiota-based products. These potential applications include formulated probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, and protocols for faecal microbiota transplantation. Because this work is a secondary review of existing literature, these interventions represent conceptual or early-stage development pathways that require further translational and clinical testing to determine real-world application.
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Since its discovery, numerous studies have shown the role of the microbiota in well-being and disease. The gut microbiota represents an essential factor that plays a multidirectional role that affects not just the gut but also other parts of the body, including the brain, endocrine system, humoral system, immune system, and metabolic pathways, as well as host-microbiome interactions. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature using the desktop research methodology, this review elucidates the mechanisms by which gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to metabolic dysfunction, including obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, hyperuricemia, and hyperglycaemia. Furthermore, it examines the bidirectional communication pathways between gut microbiota and host metabolism, highlighting the role of microbial-derived metabolites, immune modulation, and gut barrier integrity in shaping metabolic homeostasis. Importantly, the review identifies promising therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiota as potential interventions for metabolic syndrome, including probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, dietary modifications, and faecal microbiota transplantation. By delineating the bidirectional interactions between gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome, the review not only advances our understanding of disease pathophysiology but also underscores the potential for innovative microbiota-based interventions to mitigate the global burden of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications.
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DOI: 10.1155/2024/4222083
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