Groundwater potential recharge zones (GWPRZ) mapping in urban area using remote sensing, field data and analytic hierarchy process (AHP)

Abstract

Identification of groundwater potential recharge zones (GWPRZs) is crucial for sustainable groundwater supplies in both rural and urban areas. However, the increase in impermeable surfaces reduces aquifer recharge areas, especially in large cities. Knowledge of permeable areas is therefore essential for preserving aquifer recharge. This study presents a method that can determine the GWPRZ in urban environment using remote sensing (SRTM DEM, Landsat 8 and ortho imagery), field data, geographic information systems (GIS), and analytical hierarchical processes (AHP), distinguishing between impermeable and permeable areas to improve GWPRZ mapping. The integration of impermeable surfaces (built-up areas, roads, parking lots, etc.) revealed that they reduce the GWPRZ by 47.5%, from 86.41% to 38.91% of high potential, and decrease the bias in GWPRZ mapping in urban/peri-urban areas. The study also showed that combining geoinformation such as remote sensing, field data, and GIS with the AHP technique provides a robust platform for studying GWPRZ. This will help the public and government sectors understand the potential zone for sustainable groundwater management in the face of anarchic urbanization.