Greenness profile assessment of a novel pioneer approach for voltametric sensing of cloperastine fendizoate in a pharmaceutical dosage form

Abstract

A novel sustainable analytical approach based on an electrochemical sensor has been fabricated for the quantification of Cloperastine Fendizoate (CLP), which has recently been employed in the management of COVID-19. A carbon paste electrode modified with 2% multiwalled carbon nanotubes and 1% chitosan (2%MWCNT/1%Chitosan/CPE) was fabricated to implement the proposed procedure. The obtained results demonstrated irreversible oxidation behavior and diffusion-controlled oxidation process of CLP, characterized by a well-defined anodic peak (E/V = 0.8) in 0.2 M phosphate buffer at pH 8 utilising differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). A linear correlation between current signal and CLP concentration was obtained across the range of 7.500 × 10 7- 6.00 × 10− 5 mol L⁻¹ (0.5–40 µg mL− 1), The practically calculated limits of detection and quantification were 1.11 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹ and 3.70 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹, respectively. The procedure achieved excellent accuracy and precision, with a mean recovery ±%RSD of 100.95 ± 1.75. The suggested procedure was successfully extended for the quantification of CLP in its dosage formulation. Validation was performed in accordance with ICH guidelines, and the findings demonstrated good agreement with those taken utilizing a previously validated approach. Furthermore, the eco-friendliness of the developed approach was investigated utilising both the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), the Multi-color Assessment (MA) technique, and the Analytical Greenness metric (AGREE), confirming that the proposed approach exhibits superior greenness compared to reported techniques.