article · Materials
Researchers have developed a green synthesis method to manufacture zinc oxide nanoparticles using the red seaweed Pterocladia capillacea, testing their ability to clean industrial pollutants from water. The study evaluated the nanoparticles as an adsorbent to eliminate the toxic organic dye Ismate violet 2R from an aqueous solution. Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the formation of the nanoparticles, demonstrating a surface area of 113.751 square metres per gramme and an average pore size of 2.527 nanometres. Experimental testing showed that a dosage of 0.08 grammes of the nanoparticles achieved up to 99 percent removal of the dye under specific conditions of pH 6, a temperature of 55 degrees Celsius, and a two-hour contact time. The maximum dye adsorption capacity reached 72.24 milligrammes per gramme through a spontaneous and endothermic process.
Discharge of synthetic organic dyes into aquatic environments poses severe ecological and health risks. Utilizing marine biomass such as red seaweed to synthesise functional nanomaterials offers an eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical synthesis. This approach provides an effective adsorbent capable of extracting toxic industrial dyes from contaminated water, supporting greener methodologies in water remediation.
This work demonstrates an application in industrial wastewater treatment, specifically for operations generating toxic dye effluents. The findings are relevant to environmental engineering firms, textile processors, and municipal water authorities seeking bio-based filtration materials. Because the findings are based on small-scale laboratory trials and specific parameter optimisation, the technology is at an early research stage and requires pilot-scale testing before real-world use.
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This study aims to produce green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) derived from red seaweed (Pterocladia Capillacea) and evaluate their potential to absorb Ismate violet 2R (IV2R) ions from an aqueous solution. UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis (BET) were used to analyze the structural, morphological, and optical features of the synthesized nanoparticles. The change in color of the chemical solution revealed the formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The FTIR examination confirmed the synthesis of both Zn and ZnO nanoparticle powder, with a BET surface area of 113.751 m2 g−1 and an average pore size of 2.527 nm for the synthesized adsorbent. Furthermore, the maximum removal effectiveness of IV2R was 99% when 0.08 g ZnO-NPs was applied at a pH of 6, a temperature of 55 °C, and a contact time of 120 min. The dye adsorption capacity of the ZnO-NPs was 72.24 mg g−1. The adsorption process was also controlled by the Freundlich adsorption model and pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics. The adsorption of IV2R ions onto the ZnO-NPs could be represented as a nonideal and reversible sorption process of a nonuniform surface, according to Freundlich adsorption isotherms. In addition, the constant values of the model parameters were determined using various nonlinear regression error functions. Moreover, thermodynamic parameters such as entropy change, enthalpy change, and free energy change were investigated; the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The high capacity of the ZnO-NPs synthesized by red seaweed promotes them as promising substances for applications in water treatment for the removal of IV2R dye from aqueous systems.
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DOI: 10.3390/ma15155169
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