Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Ficus platyphylla leaf and bark extracts: antimicrobial activity against mrsa and other pathogens, anticoagulant and antioxidant properties

Abstract

The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Klebsiella oxytoca , underscores the need for novel antimicrobial strategies. This study synthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) for the first time using Ficus platyphylla leaf (FPL) and bark (FPB) extracts, employing a sustainable green synthesis approach. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, XRD, and EDX. Polydispersed spherical, oval, and square-shaped SeNPs from bark (FPBS) exhibited maximum absorption at 327 nm, while monodispersed, oval-shaped SeNPs from leaves (FPLS) absorbed at 338 nm. FTIR confirmed the involvement of phenolic compounds and proteins in nanoparticle synthesis. At 200 μg/ml, FPLS and FPBS showed significant antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 33.3 ± 0.88 mm and 32.3 ± 0.33 mm against MRSA and Klebsiella oxytoca , respectively. The SeNPs demonstrated antifungal activity (97.21 %–100 % inhibition) against Aspergillus and Penicillium species, as well as antioxidant activity, scavenging DPPH (37.76 %–79.99 %) and H₂O₂ (17.32 %–77.40 %) at 1–50 mg/ml. They also showed anticoagulant potential, comparable to EDTA. This study highlights the alignment with circular bioeconomy principles by utilizing sustainable, renewable plant resources to synthesize SeNPs, minimizing the environmental impact. It also supports the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and Goal 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). These findings showcase F. platyphylla -derived SeNPs as eco-friendly, multifunctional nanoparticles with significant biomedical applications, advancing green nanotechnology. • Green synthesis of SeNPs using Ficus platyphylla . • Strong antibacterial activity against MRSA and K. oxytoca . • Effective antifungal and antioxidant properties observed.