article · Green Processing and Synthesis
Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were synthesised using the endophytic fungus Penicillium crustosum EP-1. The resulting nanoparticles had a spherical, crystalline structure with diameters ranging from 8 to 35 nanometres, exhibiting uniform colloidal dispersion. When tested in field experiments, applying these nanoparticles as a foliar spray at concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 parts per million significantly improved the growth and productivity of Nigella sativa plants. Treated crops showed elevated levels of chlorophyll, carotenoids, carbohydrates, proteins, and free proline in both shoots and seeds when assessed at 55 and 75 days after planting. All recorded yield characteristics also increased significantly compared to untreated control plants. Furthermore, seed analysis confirmed substantial increases in valuable secondary metabolites, specifically six phenolic acids, two phenols, and five flavonoids.
Enhancing the yield and chemical quality of medicinal crops like Nigella sativa usually demands intensive agricultural inputs. Using biologically synthesised magnesium oxide nanoparticles provides a biological route to stimulate plant growth and boost nutritional components. In addition, increasing secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids can raise the functional and medicinal value of harvested seeds.
This research demonstrates an applied agricultural treatment tested in field conditions to boost crop productivity and bioactive compound accumulation in Nigella sativa. The approach could benefit agricultural input manufacturers and medicinal plant producers seeking bio-derived foliar sprays. Because testing has advanced to field trials showing measurable yield and quality gains, the formulation represents an applied technology, though further development and regulatory validation would be necessary for market adoption.
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Abstract Endophytic fungus Penicillium crustosum EP-1 was used to create spherical shape magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs). The MgO-NPs possess a crystalline structure with sizes of 8–35 nm. The weight percentages of Mg and O were 42.44% and 30.13%, respectively, as shown in energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. In addition, analysis involving dynamic light scattering indicated the uniformity of MgO-NPs within the colloidal solution. These NPs displayed a polydispersity index of 0.341 and held a surface charge of −29.7 mV. A field experimental was carried out to assess the outcome of foliar spraying of MgO-NPs at 5, 10, and 20 ppm on the growth, yield, and metabolic activities of Nigella sativa L. Our results indicated that MgO-NPs significantly enhanced various growth parameters, including chlorophyll content (both a and b), total carotenoids, carbohydrate and protein levels in both shoots and seeds, as well as free proline concentration, compared to the control plants at both 55 and 75 days after planting. In addition, all yield traits were markedly increased. Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography is employed for the identification of phenolic compounds within the seeds. Data indicated that sex phenolic acids, two phenols, and five flavonoids were present with high concentrations due to MgO-NPs treatment as opposed to untreated plants.
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DOI: 10.1515/gps-2023-0215
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