article · International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
Green synthesis using plant extract is an eco-friendly approach for producing metal oxide nanoparticles with improved biological activity. This study investigated the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) using <i>Ficus</i> <i>platyphylla </i>leaf extract and determine how chitosan influences their surface characteristics and antioxidant activity. The FeONPs were synthesized using aqueous <i>Ficus</i> <i>platyphylla </i>leaf extract and subsequently coated with a chitosan. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract was determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The UV-visible spectra confirmed successful nanoparticle formation, while the FTIR showed a strong interaction between chitosan functional groups and iron oxide surface. XRD revealed a highly crystalline cubic spinel structure consistent with magnetite/maghemite and SEM revealed irregular aggregated particles with increased surface roughness after chitosan coating. CS-FeONPs showed significantly higher DPPH scavenging activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 11.63 ± 0.30 µg/mL) than uncoated FeONPs (IC<sub>50</sub> = 19.53 ± 0.63 µg/mL) and the crude extract (IC<sub>50</sub> = 23.02 µg/mL) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), approaching the activity of vitamin C. FRAP analysis similarly demonstrated a gradual increased in reducing power from the extract to FeONPs and further to CS-FeONPs’ Therefore, combining plant mediated synthesis with chitosan surface functionalization produced a stable iron oxide nanocomposite with improved antioxidant activity. These findings highlighted the role of surface engineering in developing sustainable nanomaterials with promising biomedical applications.
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DOI: 10.11648/j.ijbmr.20261401.11
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