Green building in Sub-Saharan Africa: Exploring research trends, insights, and future directions (2005–2025)

Abstract

This study examined the evolution of green building research in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), addressing the persistent challenges of rapid urbanisation, climate vulnerability, and slow uptake of sustainable construction practices across the region. Despite global attention to green buildings, the SSA region remains overlooked, with a limited understanding of regional thematic priorities. The objective of this study is to analyse publication trends, geographical distribution, collaboration networks, thematic structures, and conceptual developments within SSA’s green building research domain. Using the Scopus database, 733 documents published between 2005 and 2025 were retrieved. Thereafter, bibliometric analysis was conducted using Bibliometrix (RStudio) and VOSviewer. The findings show that South Africa, Nigeria, and Ghana are the leading contributors, while several SSA countries have limited or no research output. Thematic analyses identified four dominant clusters: urban environmental planning and nature-based solutions; adoption and implementation of green buildings; indoor environmental quality and environmental performance; and sustainable materials and construction techniques. Key barriers to green buildings in the SSA region include high upfront costs, limited expertise, weak policy frameworks, and inadequate incentives. At the same time, drivers are also concerned with energy efficiency, health benefits, environmental protection, and emerging economic opportunities. The study proposed critical areas that require further study. The results provide region-specific insights that can guide policymakers, construction professionals, and sustainability stakeholders in formulating targeted interventions that strengthen capacity building, improve regulatory frameworks, stimulate investment, and promote locally relevant green building innovations across SSA.