article · Sustainability
Oyster mushrooms, scientifically known as Pleurotus ostreatus, offer versatile green biotechnology solutions for managing agro-industrial wastes and environmental pollution. Cultivating these mushrooms enables circular economy practices by transforming residues from food and non-food processing through bio-fermentation. The substrate used during cultivation serves as a valuable resource for producing animal feeds, biofertilisers, bioenergy, and bio-remediation agents. Furthermore, spent mushroom substrate provides a viable base for generating bioethanol alongside key industrial enzymes, such as laccase, manganese peroxidase, and lignin peroxidase. In addition to cleaning contaminated soil and water through myco-remediation, oyster mushroom biotechnology presents opportunities for the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, including nano-silver, nano-titanium dioxide, and nano-zinc oxide. Further investigation remains necessary to develop these biotechnological applications.
Accumulating agricultural and industrial waste creates significant environmental challenges. Using oyster mushrooms offers a sustainable method to clean contaminated soil and water while converting organic waste into useful commodities. This circular bio-economy strategy supports cleaner crop systems, alternative energy generation, and green manufacturing materials without relying on harsh chemical treatments.
The described processes could enable commercial opportunities in waste valorisation, industrial enzyme production, environmental clean-up, and nanoparticle synthesis. Potential users include agricultural processing companies, bioenergy developers, and environmental management firms. Because the underlying research is framed as a review highlighting the need for further investigation, these applications appear to be at an early stage of development rather than immediately market-ready.
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The field of biotechnology presents us with a great chance to use many organisms, such as mushrooms, to find suitable solutions for issues that include the accumulation of agro-wastes in the environment. The green biotechnology of mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus L.) includes the myco-remediation of polluted soil and water as well as bio-fermentation. The circular economy approach could be effectively achieved by using oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus L.), of which the substrate of their cultivation is considered as a vital source for producing biofertilizers, animal feeds, bioenergy, and bio-remediators. Spent mushroom substrate is also considered a crucial source for many applications, including the production of enzymes (e.g., manganese peroxidase, laccase, and lignin peroxidase) and bioethanol. The sustainable management of agro-industrial wastes (e.g., plant-based foods, animal-based foods, and non-food industries) could reduce, reuse and recycle using oyster mushrooms. This review aims to focus on the biotechnological applications of the oyster mushroom (P. ostreatus L.) concerning the field of the myco-remediation of pollutants and the bio-fermentation of agro-industrial wastes as a sustainable approach to environmental protection. This study can open new windows onto the green synthesis of metal-nanoparticles, such as nano-silver, nano-TiO2 and nano-ZnO. More investigations are needed concerning the new biotechnological approaches.
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DOI: 10.3390/su14063667
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