Glycemic Control and Overweight/Obesity among Type 2 Diabetes Moroccan Patients According to a Secondary Care Referral Center in Oujda- Morocco.

Abstract

Background: Maintaining optimal glycemic control is a primary goal in the management of type 2 diabetes, especially among overweight and obese patients. The objective of the study was to explore the relationship between overweight/obesity and glycemic control (HbA1c) among patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and admitted to the reference center for chronic diseases in Oujda. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study including all type 2 diabetic patients who had at least 2 consultations between 2005 and December 2020. Results: 5123 patients were included in the study, 71.6% were women with an average age of 56.6 ± 11.8 years and 54.8% had diabetes for more than 2.5 years. Arterial hypertension was present in 38.3% at admission, 43.2% were overweight and 30.1% were obese. Almost 16.3% of patients had at least one complication on admission, 3.5% had heart disease, 5% had nephropathy, 3.9% retinopathy, 1.3% neuropathy and 0.6 % had a diabetic foot. During the 2nd visit, almost a quarter (23.7%) of overweight/obese patients had good glycemic control versus 20.5% in patients with an underweight or normal weight patients (p=0.035) with a more marked decrease of HbA1C between the 1st and the 2nd visit in overweight/obese patients (8.9±0.1% versus 8.8± 0.1%, p=0.054) compared to underweight or normal weight patients (9.4± 0.1% versus 9.3± 0.1%, p=0.318). The overweight/obese patients were significantly younger than the others (55.4±11.3 years versus 56.7 ±9.4 years, p=0.002), with more comorbidities, more history of hypertension (39.7% versus 28%, p