article · Results in Engineering
Achieving complete integration of renewable power into energy grids requires the convergence of digital systems, targeted policies, and diverse storage options. Advanced computing tools linked to the fourth industrial revolution, including cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Things, the metaverse, cloud computing, and big data, serve as foundational elements for smart and super smart grids. Alongside digital integration, energy and hydrogen storage mechanisms are vital for managing variability. While past technological progress and market expansion have driven down the cost of renewable systems, full transition across sectors demands defined regulatory frameworks, financial incentives, and modernised market designs. Setting explicit short and long-term targets offers the necessary stability for both government authorities and commercial operators to deploy sustainable infrastructure successfully.
Moving away from conventional power networks toward fully renewable grids is vital for sustainability. By outlining the intersection of emerging digital technologies, policy frameworks, and storage systems, this analysis helps stakeholders understand the operational, technical, and regulatory prerequisites needed to maintain energy stability while phasing out fossil fuel systems globally.
The abstract outlines conceptual roles for digital systems, cloud platforms, and hydrogen storage in smart and super smart grid operations, targeting public authorities, grid operators, and technology vendors. As a broad review of trends and frameworks rather than a specific product or validated prototype, this work represents early-stage conceptual research without directly tested commercial tools or clear operational readiness levels.
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• This study contributes to the trends, socio-technical perspective, challenges of conventional energy systems and identifying the contemporary digital technologies in the renewable energy transition. • The technologies involved in achieving 100% seamless integration of renewable energy in the paradigm of smart grid are discussed. • The technologies involved in achieving 100% seamless integration of renewable energy in the paradigm of super smart grid including cyber-physical systems, Internet of things, metaverse, cloud computing and big data are thoroughly discussed. • Energy storage options and hydrogen storage are also discussed in this study and further explored the role of digital technologies in energy storage for an ultimate transition. The advent of fourth industrial revolution takes along progressive and exponential digital transformation. This study presents an overview of policies, best practices and regional strategies that supports renewable energy adoption around the globe. The transition to 100% renewable energy requires political support, innovation in both technology and policy, and efficient governance. However, it has been analysed through extensive literature review that previous measures have significantly reduced renewable energy costs through technological advancements, market expansion, and economies of scale. To further increase renewable energy adoption across all sectors, financial incentives, concrete support schemes, intervention of advanced computing, market designs and robust business models are essential. Defining clear short and long-term goals for energy system transition is a critical first step, providing the regulatory stability necessary for both public authorities and private operators to ensure a successful transition. This study contributes to the trends, socio-technical perspective, challenges of conventional energy systems and identifying the contemporary digital technologies in the renewable energy transition. The technologies involved in achieving 100% seamless integration of renewable energy in the paradigm of smart grid and super smart grid include cyber-physical systems, Internet of things, metaverse, cloud computing and big data along with the other tools. Energy storage options and hydrogen storage are also discussed in this study and further explored the role of digital technologies in energy storage for an ultimate transition.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105258
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