article · Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
A study assessed the geographical patterns of beta-lactam resistance in 139 Klebsiella isolates obtained from patients at major referral health centres across Ghana. Phenotypic testing identified extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC beta-lactamase, carbapenemase, and metallo-beta-lactamase producers. Except for metallo-beta-lactamase, all evaluated resistance mechanisms were most prevalent in the northern belt of the country. Significant regional disparities in ESBL production were noted between the northern belt and both the middle and southern belts. Genetic analysis using polymerase chain reaction revealed specific resistance genes, including blaSHV in 28.8 percent, blaCTX-M in 26.6 percent, and blaTEM in 25.9 percent of samples, with rarer occurrences of blaOXA-48 and blaNDM. These variations highlight the uneven distribution of resistance across healthcare regions, offering preliminary evidence to guide regional antimicrobial resistance control strategies and inform clinical antibiotic prescribing.
Klebsiella infections that resist beta-lactam antibiotics present severe treatment challenges in hospital settings. Mapping how specific resistance mechanisms and genes differ by geographical region provides healthcare facilities with essential local evidence. This data aids clinicians in prescribing targeted antibiotic therapies and assists health authorities in designing region-specific antimicrobial resistance surveillance and containment interventions.
The abstract outlines applications in refining antimicrobial resistance control strategies and informing antibiotic prescribing by healthcare practitioners. This represents early-stage surveillance research rather than a marketable product. While the baseline data could assist clinical diagnostics laboratories and public health decision-makers in developing targeted testing policies, the abstract indicates no direct pathway to commercialisation.
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β-Lactam-resistant Klebsiella isolates continue to cause multidrug resistance infections worldwide. This study aimed to describe the geographical distribution of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC), and carbapenemase production among 139 Klebsiella isolates recovered from patients at major referral health facilities in Ghana. The phenotypic methods of combined disc diffusion test, modified three-dimensional test, modified Hodge test (MHT), and combined disc test were performed for each isolate to detect ESBL, AmpC, carbapenemase, and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) producers, respectively. Except for MBL, all other β-lactam resistance mechanisms were highest in the healthcare facilities situated in the northern belt of Ghana. Significant regional difference of ESBL producers was observed between the northern and middle belts as well as the northern and southern belts. Genotypic detection with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed the presence of bla TEM 36/139 (25.9%), bla SHV 40/139 (28.8%), bla CTX-M 37/139 (26.6%), bla OXA-48 3/139 (2.16%), and bla NDM 1/139 (0.72%) genotypes. In conclusion, there were variations in β-lactam resistance among Klebsiella spp. from health facilities situated in the northern, middle, and southern belts of Ghana. The study provides preliminary evidence that emphasizes the need to direct more attention to antimicrobial resistance control, especially in the northern belt of Ghana. Findings from this study may be critical for creating and fine-tuning effective antimicrobial resistance control strategies and for informing accurate antibiotic prescription by practitioners.
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DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4030117
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