article · Infectious Disease Reports
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a significant cause of hospital-acquired infections, with drug-resistant strains posing severe clinical challenges. An investigation of 420 patient samples from seven tertiary hospitals across Southwestern Nigeria between 2018 and 2019 identified an overall Klebsiella pneumoniae prevalence of 30.5 percent. Laboratory analysis revealed extensive drug resistance, with high resistance levels observed against tetracyclines, oxacillin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. While 43 percent of isolates displayed resistance to meropenem, all remained susceptible to polymyxin B. Molecular testing uncovered widespread resistance genes, dominated by the TEM gene among extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and the VIM gene among carbapenemases. Genetic typing demonstrated six distinct sequence types, with the globally recognised high-risk clone ST307 being the most frequent, accounting for half of the typed isolates.
Drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains undermine routine hospital treatments and increase patient mortality. Understanding the specific resistance genes and high-risk bacterial clones circulating in healthcare facilities helps medical teams select effective treatments, monitor the spread of dangerous superbugs, and implement better infection control protocols within regional hospitals.
The abstract does not indicate a direct commercial application pathway, as it is observational epidemiological and genomic surveillance research. However, the identified genetic profiles and circulating sequence types provide baseline targets that diagnostic developers could use to design localised molecular assays or resistance surveillance panels for regional clinical laboratories.
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Introduction: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major pathogen implicated in healthcare-associated infections. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae isolates are a public health concern. This study investigated the existence of some ESBL and carbapenemase genes among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae in Southwest Nigeria and additionally determined their circulating clones. Materials and Methods: Various clinical samples from 420 patients from seven tertiary hospitals within Southwestern Nigeria were processed between February 2018 and July 2019. These samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar, and the isolated bacteria were identified by Microbact GNB 12E. All K. pneumoniae were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the 16s rRNA gene. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was done on these isolates, and the PCR was used to evaluate the common ESBL-encoding genes and carbapenem resistance genes. Genotyping was performed using multi-locus sequencing typing (MLST). Results: The overall prevalence of K. pneumoniae in Southwestern Nigeria was 30.5%. The AST revealed high resistance rates to tetracyclines (67.2%), oxacillin (61.7%), ampicillin (60.2%), ciprofloxacin (58.6%), chloramphenicol (56.3%), and lowest resistance to meropenem (43.0%). All isolates were susceptible to polymyxin B. The most prevalent ESBL gene was the TEM gene (47.7%), followed by CTX-M (43.8%), SHV (39.8%), OXA (27.3%), CTX-M-15 (19.5%), CTX-M-2 (11.1%), and CTX-M-9 (10.9%). Among the carbapenemase genes studied, the VIM gene (43.0%) was most detected, followed by OXA-48 (28.9%), IMP (22.7%), NDM (17.2%), KPC (13.3%), CMY (11.7%), and FOX (9.4%). GIM and SPM genes were not detected. MLST identified six different sequence types (STs) in this study. The most dominant ST was ST307 (50%, 5/10), while ST258, ST11, ST147, ST15, and ST321 had (10%, 1/10) each. Conclusion: High antimicrobial resistance in K. pneumoniae is a clear and present danger for managing infections in Nigeria. Additionally, the dominance of a successful international ST307 clone highlights the importance of ensuring that genomic surveillance remains a priority in the hospital environment in Nigeria.
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DOI: 10.3390/idr15030034
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