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article · Microbiology Spectrum

Genetic diversity and drug resistance profiles of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> among Ethiopian children as determined by whole-genome sequencing

2026Open accessAddis Ababa University

Abstract

Our findings revealed a high genetic diversity of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> among Ethiopian children, with the most common lineage being lineage 4, specifically lineage 4.2.2.2, in which a higher frequency of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) was observed. Additionally, we identified regional hotspots, suggesting ongoing community transmission. Moreover, whole-genome sequencing demonstrated high concordance with phenotypic drug susceptibility testing and identified mutation genes associated with first- and second-line anti-TB drugs, highlighting its usefulness in providing comprehensive results for resistance detection in children. Thus, it is essential for integrating genomic surveillance into childhood TB and drug resistance control.

Research topics

  • Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
  • Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
  • Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders

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DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02736-25

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