GC-MS Characterization of Bioactive Phytochemicals in Ethanol Seed Extract of Annona Muricata Cultivated in Nigeria

Abstract

Annona muricata (soursop) is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional healthcare for treating inflammatory and metabolic conditions. Although the leaves of this plant have been extensively investigated, there is comparatively little information available regarding the phytochemical profile of its seeds. The present study sought to identify the chemical components of A. muricata seed extract through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Finely ground dried seeds were extracted with 80% ethanol and analyzed using an Agilent 7890A–5975C GC–MS system. Compound identification was performed by matching mass spectra with entries in the NIST library database. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of key fatty acids, notably Oleic acids (9-octadecenoic acid) (32.22%), Palmitic acids (17.92%), and (9,12-octadecadienoic) Linoleic Acids with 26.05%). Oleic acids had the highest percentage. These fatty acids are recognized for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities. The high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids underscores the therapeutic potential of A. muricata seeds and supports their further exploration in biological and pharmacological research.