article · Energy Reports
A numerical investigation evaluated natural thermal convection within a vertical conical annular enclosure filled with a porous medium and a carbon nanotube and water nanofluid under the influence of magnetic forces. Using the Galerkin finite element method alongside the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer model, the study assessed how variations in buoyancy forces, magnetic field strength, and nanoparticle concentrations influence heat and fluid transport. The research also examined how shifting the location of a discrete heat source across bottom, middle, and upper positions affects thermal patterns. The results demonstrate that increasing magnetic field strength suppresses heat transfer, whereas higher Darcy numbers and greater nanoparticle concentrations enhance it. Furthermore, positioning the heat source at the bottom wall produces the strongest convective heat transfer regime within the enclosure.
Understanding how porous media, magnetic forces, and nanofluids interact during heat transfer provides essential insights for thermal engineering models. By identifying how heat source placement and magnetic damping alter fluid movement and temperature distribution, engineering researchers can better predict and control fluid behaviour in complex geometric systems.
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This numerical study is intended for the analysis of thermal convection induced by buoyancy forces generated within a conical annular porous gap. The annulus was vertically positioned, it contains a discrete heat source and is filled with a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Water (SWCNT-H2O) nanoliquid exposed to a Lorentz force. To describe the porous medium in question, we have adopted the Darcy–Forchheimer model. Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM) has been used in this study to predict both thermal and hydrodynamic fields in the physical model. An extensive range of parameters are explored, i.e., the Rayleigh number (103 to 106), Hartman number Ha (1 to 100), and the volume fraction of nanoparticles (0 ≤ ϕ ≤0.08). For the purpose of exterminating the effects of heat source location on thermal and hydrodynamic fields, three locations (bottom, middle and upper) have been considered. Findings include current lines, isotherms, and Nusselt number evolution according to the previously stated variables. Predictably, our findings prove that heat transfer rate exhibits a decreasing function of Ha and an increasing function of Da and ϕ. Also, it was revealed that the convective regime is preponderant when the heat source was located in the bottom wall.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2021.09.071
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