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Renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) have emerged as sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. By controlling the module voltage and current, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is crucial for optimizing PV efficiency; however, environmental factors such as partial shading conditions (PSC) significantly reduce system performance. Conventional MPPT methods, including Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (INC), often fail to track the global maximum power point (GMPP) under highly non-linear characteristics. This paper proposes an improved MPPT algorithm that integrates a variable step-size P&O fuzzy logic controller (FLC) to enhance energy extraction under PSC. MATLAB/Simulink modelling with a DC–DC boost converter was used to evaluate the proposed method against conventional INC. The results demonstrate that the hybrid algorithm effectively maintains operation at the global MPP, particularly under partial shading.
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DOI: 10.1109/icpea69349.2026.11533742
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