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review · Nutrients

Food Proteins as Functional Ingredients in the Management of Chronic Diseases: A Concise Review

202424 citationsOpen accessLandmark University

In plain language

Food proteins derived from sources such as legumes, nuts, seeds, dairy, and fish offer promising therapeutic avenues for managing chronic diseases. As global rates of chronic conditions rise, protein-based approaches provide potential alternatives or complements to conventional pharmaceuticals, which can be costly and associated with adverse side effects. These food proteins contribute to the management of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic inflammation, weight, bone health, glycaemic control, and muscle preservation. Although the precise mechanisms remain incompletely understood, their beneficial impacts are linked to unique nutritional profiles, particularly bioactive peptides and amino acids. These insights support practical applications, including tailored dietary interventions and the formulation of functional foods aimed at disease prevention and health management. Ultimately, integrating food proteins into nutrition and product strategies offers an emerging pathway for public health improvement.

Key takeaways

  • Proteins sourced from legumes, nuts, seeds, dairy, and fish demonstrate therapeutic potential across several chronic diseases.
  • Reported health benefits include support for cardiovascular health, diabetes, chronic inflammation, weight management, bone health, and muscle preservation.
  • The beneficial effects are driven primarily by bioactive peptides and amino acids, although the exact underlying mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated.
  • Food proteins can be applied in practice through targeted dietary interventions and the development of functional foods for disease prevention.

Why it matters

Chronic illnesses are escalating worldwide, while standard pharmaceuticals often carry high costs and unwanted side effects. Exploring everyday protein sources as functional interventions provides an accessible, diet-based strategy to help manage and prevent conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. Advancing the understanding of how bioactive peptides operate can help shift public health practices towards preventative, food-based wellness solutions.

Commercialisation angle

The evidence points to applications in the functional food sector and dietary intervention design, targeting consumers managing chronic ailments such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Because the underlying mechanisms of these bioactive peptides and amino acids are still being elucidated, the work sits primarily at the early to translational research stage, providing a scientific foundation for food manufacturers formulating targeted health products.

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Abstract

Chronic diseases have emerged as a formidable global health concern, with their prevalence steadily rising over the years. Several approaches to addressing these concerns include the use of medications, which are often expensive, contain synthetic chemical substances, and have reported adverse effects. The use of foods, especially proteins, as an alternative approach to addressing chronic health concerns by treating and managing chronic diseases is increasing. This review evaluates the intriguing role of food proteins in mitigating chronic diseases and improving our understanding of the therapeutic potential of different protein types, including those derived from legumes, nuts, and seeds, dairy, fish, and numerous other sources. They have been reported to offer promising avenues for managing chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic inflammation, weight management, bone health, glycemic control, muscle preservation, and many other health benefits. Although the exact mechanisms for these actions are still not properly elucidated, it is, however, understood that food proteins exert these health-beneficial effects by their unique nutritional and bioactive profiles, especially their bioactive peptides and amino acids. Practical applications are also discussed, including dietary interventions that are tailored towards incorporating protein-rich foods and the development of functional foods for disease prevention and management. Food proteins are a promising approach to combating chronic diseases that can turn around public health practices.

Research topics

  • Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides
  • Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling

Read the original research

This page summarises published work. The authoritative version sits with the publisher.

DOI: 10.3390/nu16142323

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