Food hygiene practice and associated factors among street food vendors in Addis Ababa; Ethiopia; mixed approach study

Abstract

Objectives This study aimed to assess food hygiene practices and associated factors among street food vendors in Addis Ababa. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study with mixed methods was conducted from 1–30 March 2024. A total of 337 vendors participated in the quantitative survey, and 25 took part in qualitative interviews and focus group discussions. Consecutive sampling was applied for the quantitative component and convenience sampling for the qualitative part. Data were collected using structured questionnaires with observational checklists and unstructured guides for qualitative interviews. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors at p < 0.05, and qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results Good hygiene practice was observed in 33.2% (95% CI:28.2–38.3). Significant factors included training (AOR: 2.43), knowledge (AOR:3.44), uninterrupted water supply (AOR: 2.52), professional visits (AOR: 5.42), and work experience >1 year (AOR: 4.68). Qualitative findings revealed barriers including inadequate water and sanitation, poor working conditions, lack of training, financial constraints, and customer pressures. Conclusion Hygiene practices were generally low. Findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions in training, supervision, and infrastructure to improve food hygiene among street food vendors.