Flash-Tailored Pt Single-Atom Interfaces for Electrochemical Sensing of Clothianidin with Toxicological Insights

Abstract

Ensuring food safety requires both reliable detection of chemical contaminants and evaluation of their potential health risks. Clothianidin (CLO), a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide, is of particular concern due to its environmental persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and associated toxicological risks. Here, an ultrarapid and scalable strategy for constructing highly exposed, atomically dispersed platinum single-atoms interface on porous graphene-like carbon frameworks (Pt SA/CFs) in just 2 min is proposed. The process involves the decomposition of glucose and H₂PtCl₆, generating a porous carbon structure with uniformly dispersed Pt atoms in a single step. The resulting Pt SA/CFs exhibit exceptional catalytic activity, enabling highly sensitive and rapid electrochemical detection of CLO with a detection limit of 1.61 μM. Additionally, recovery rates from spiked real samples ranged from 92.87% to 105.65%, further highlighting the method's potential for CLO detection in practical applications. These results not only overcome the limitations of conventional analytical methods but also provide a cost-effective solution for on-site pesticide residue analysis. Furthermore, by integrating network toxicology, the molecular mechanisms underlying CLO-induced respiratory toxicity are found, offering valuable insights into its potential health risks. This work presents a time-efficient synthesis of single-atom Pt for rapid neonicotinoid detection and integrates network toxicology to establish a framework for risk assessment in food safety regulation.