Factors associated with prolonged screen exposure among children aged 6 to 59 months in Yaounde (Cameroon)

Abstract

Introduction:The recommendations regarding screen time for children under five years are clearly defined by the World Health Organization (WHO).The objective was to study the factors associated with prolonged screen exposure among children aged 6 to 59 months in Yaounde. Materials and methods:We conducted a cross-sectional, analytical study in three referral hospitals in Yaounde from February 1 to July 31, 2025.The study population consisted of accompanying parents and children aged 6 to 59 months attending the outpatient, vaccination, and hospitalization units of the pediatric departments of these hospitals.Ethical clearance and free and informed parental consent were obtained.Prolonged screen exposure was defined as exposure exceeding the age-based recommended standard according to the WHO.The significance threshold was set at <5%. Results:A total of 468 children were included.Screen exposure was prolonged in 71.6% of children and early in 83.1% of them.The average daily exposure time was 1.5 hours.Children under 24 months (p < 0.001), the availability of television (p = 0.004) or tablet (p = 0.031) at home, screen ownership by the child (p = 0.036), having 2-3 children (p = 0.030) or 4 children (p = 0.037), and lack of awareness about screen use (p < 0.001) were independent factors associated with prolonged screen exposure. Conclusion:Seven out of ten children aged 6 to 59 months have prolonged screen exposure in Yaounde.The majority are exposed at an early age.Numerous associated factors have been identified, pointing toward targeted prevention strategies.