article · Scientific Reports
Facile synthesis was used to produce iron oxide, copper oxide-modified iron oxide, and tungsten oxide nanoparticles for biomedical uses. The resulting nanomaterials had crystal sizes ranging from 7 nanometres for the copper-modified iron oxide to 35.5 nanometres for unmodified iron oxide, forming octahedral and square nanoplate shapes. Biological assessments revealed notable anticancer performance alongside comparatively safer profiles on normal Vero cells. Specifically, the copper-modified iron oxide demonstrated the strongest antiproliferative action against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In antiviral assessments, both tungsten oxide and copper-modified iron oxide achieved a complete reduction in viral load by blocking viral adsorption and replication. Additionally, the materials showed potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, though the fungal pathogen Candida albicans remained relatively resistant to all three nanoparticle types.
Multi-functional nanomaterials that can combat cancer cells, viruses, and bacteria while sparing healthy tissues offer promising avenues for healthcare treatments. Demonstrating that simple modifications, such as combining copper oxide with iron oxide, enhance biological targeting helps researchers develop more effective, broad-spectrum therapeutic agents against infectious diseases and solid tumours.
This work demonstrates early-stage in vitro research relevant to developers of oncology therapies, antiviral formulations, and topical or surface antimicrobial agents. The demonstrated activity against breast cancer lines and bacterial pathogens presents initial evidence for biomedical utility. However, the technology remains at a laboratory testing stage, requiring extensive preclinical safety evaluations, in vivo validation, and formulation development before commercial clinical translation can occur.
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Abstract Due to their high specific surface area and its characteristic’s functionalized nanomaterials have great potential in medical applications specialty, as an anticancer. Herein, functional nanoparticles (NPs) based on iron oxide Fe 2 O 3 , iron oxide modified with copper oxide Fe 2 O 3 @CuO, and tungsten oxide WO 3 were facile synthesized for biomedical applications. The obtained nanomaterials have nanocrystal sizes of 35.5 nm for Fe 2 O 3 , 7 nm for Fe 2 O 3 @CuO, and 25.5 nm for WO 3 . In addition to octahedral and square nanoplates for Fe 2 O 3 , and WO 3; respectively. Results revealed that Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 @CuO, and WO 3 NPs showed remarked anticancer effects versus a safe effect on normal cells through cytotoxicity test using MTT-assay. Notably, synthesized NPs e.g. our result demonstrated that Fe 2 O 3 @CuO exhibited the lowest IC 50 value on the MCF-7 cancer cell line at about 8.876 µg/ml, compared to Fe 2 O 3 was 12.87 µg/ml and WO 3 was 9.211 µg/ml which indicate that the modification NPs Fe 2 O 3 @CuO gave the highest antiproliferative effect against breast cancer. However, these NPs showed a safe mode toward the Vero normal cell line, where IC 50 were monitored as 40.24 µg/ml for Fe 2 O 3 , 21.13 µg/ml for Fe 2 O 3 @CuO, and 25.41 µg/ml for WO 3 NPs. For further evidence. The antiviral activity using virucidal and viral adsorption mechanisms gave practiced effect by viral adsorption mechanism and prevented the virus from replicating inside the cells. Fe 2 O 3 @CuO and WO 3 NPs showed a complete reduction in the viral load synergistic effect of combinations between the tested two materials copper oxide instead of iron oxide alone. Interestingly, the antimicrobial efficiency of Fe 2 O 3 @CuO NPs, Fe 2 O 3 NPs, and WO 3 NPs was evaluated using E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans pathogens. The widest microbial inhibition zone ( ca. 38.45 mm) was observed with 250 mg/ml of WO 3 NPs against E. coli , whereas using 40 mg/ml of Fe 2 O 3 @CuO NPS could form microbial inhibition zone ca. 32.86 mm against S. aureus . Nevertheless, C. albicans was relatively resistant to all examined NPs. The superior biomedical activities of these nanostructures might be due to their unique features and accepted evaluations.
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55319-8
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