article · Results in Chemistry
Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using an extract from Lupinus albus L., commonly known as white lupin, and tested for antibacterial and photocatalytic performance. Phytochemical screening of the seeds confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and polysaccharides. Synthesized across three different precursor ratios alongside an extract-free control, the resulting nanoparticles exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure with crystallite sizes between 20.96 and 30.67 nanometres. Under visible light, the green-synthesised nanoparticles degraded up to 98 percent of malachite green dye, outperforming the control sample, which achieved 89 percent degradation. In antibacterial testing against four bacterial strains using the disc diffusion method, the plant-assisted nanoparticles displayed superior inhibition, achieving the highest activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae with an inhibition zone of 15 millimetres.
Conventional chemical synthesis of nanomaterials can involve hazardous reagents and energy-intensive processes. Using plant extracts like white lupin seeds offers a greener, simpler production route. Demonstrating that biologically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles can effectively break down synthetic dyes and suppress harmful bacteria suggests practical avenues for cleaner wastewater treatment and alternative antimicrobial agents.
This work points towards potential applications in industrial wastewater treatment, specifically dye degradation, and in developing antimicrobial formulations targeting pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae. Potential end users include water treatment operators and healthcare product manufacturers. Because the findings are based on laboratory disc diffusion tests and bench-scale dye degradation, the technology remains in the early stages of research, requiring extensive scale-up, stability, and safety testing.
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This study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from Lupinus albus L. (white lupin) seed extract and investigate their photocatalytic and antibacterial applications. Phytochemical analysis of the seed extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds. Three ZnO NP samples were prepared using different ratios of the seed extract and zinc nitrate and one sample without seed extract as a control. The nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, and the average crystallite sizes were found to be in the range of 20.96–30.67 nm, exhibiting a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The photo catalytic activity of the ZnO NPs was evaluated by the degradation of malachite green dye under visible light. The results showed that ZnO NPs synthesized with the seed extract, particularly the 9:1 and 3:2 ratios, exhibited higher photocatalytic activity, with degradation efficiencies of 98 % and 97 %, respectively, compared to the ZnO NPs prepared without the extract (89 % degradation). The antibacterial activity of the ZnO NPs was assessed against four bacterial strains using the disc diffusion method. The ZnO NPs synthesized with the seed extract demonstrated the greatest activity against Klebsiella pneumonia, with an inhibition zone of 15 ± 0.58 mm, while the ZnO NPs without the extract showed lower antibacterial activity. In conclusion, the green synthesis of ZnO NPs using Lupinus albus L. seed extract is a promising approach for the development of materials with efficient photocatalytic and antibacterial properties.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101724
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