article · Highland Medical Research Journal
A retrospective study of 126 cervical cancer cases diagnosed between 2016 and 2020 at Jos University Teaching Hospital evaluated the expression of Ki-67, p53, and HPV immunomarkers. Patients ranged from 30 to 90 years old, with an average age of 54.5 years. Non-keratinising squamous cell carcinoma exhibited the most frequent expression of all three markers, followed by the keratinising subtype. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between both Ki-67 and HPV expression and most histological subtypes, except for basaloid carcinoma. In contrast, p53 expression was significantly associated solely with keratinising squamous cell carcinoma. These outcomes indicate that biomarker expression varies across different cervical cancer subtypes, highlighting a potential role for these markers in subtype stratification, subject to further prospective validation.
Cervical cancer imposes a substantial burden in low- to middle-income countries. Identifying how immunomarkers correlate with specific tumour varieties aids in the accurate classification of cervical cancer subtypes. Establishing reliable biological profiles helps researchers and pathologists better understand tumour characteristics, which is an essential step towards refining clinical assessment and disease management in resource-constrained healthcare environments.
The findings suggest potential diagnostic applications in cervical cancer stratification for clinical pathologists and hospital laboratories. This represents early-stage retrospective research. Real-world application in clinical diagnostics or predictive testing remains distant, as the abstract explicitly states that prospective studies are necessary to confirm and validate the prognostic and predictive utility of these markers.
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Background: Cervical cancer is a global disease in women with the burden still high in low to medium income countries. We sought to determine the expression of Ki-67, p53 and HPV immunomarkers in cervical cancer seen at the Jos University Teaching Hospital. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of cervical cancers diagnosed at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau, Nigeria, from 1 January, 2016 to 31 December, 2020. Tissue blocks were sectioned and stained with Ki-67, p53 and HPV immunomarkers. Generated data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and Excel 2019, results presented in tables and figures. Results: A total of 126 cervical cancer cases were evaluated. Patient ages ranged from 30 to 90 years, with a mean age of 54.50 ± 12.38 years. Ki-67, p53 and HPV were most frequently expressed in non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, followed by keratinizing subtype. A statistically significant association was observed between Ki-67, and HPV expression and most histological subtypes (p<0.05), with the exception of basaloid carcinoma, which showed no significant association. p53 expression was significantly associated with only keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.005) while no significant association was found with other histological subtypes. Conclusion: Ki-67, p53, and HPV exhibited variable expression across histological subtypes. A significant association was observed between Ki-67 and HPV expression with most histological subtypes. In contrast, p53 expression was significantly associated with keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. These findings underscore the potential of these biomarkers in stratifying cervical cancer subtypes. However, prospective studies are warranted to further validate their prognostic and predictive utility.
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DOI: 10.4314/hmrj.v25i1.2
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