Exploring the Nutraceutical Potential of <scp> <i>Achillea millefolium</i> </scp> L.: Phytochemical Composition, Biological Activities, and Industrial Applications

Abstract

ABSTRACT Medicinal plants, including Achillea millefolium Linn., have been used for centuries because of their health benefits. Various parts, such as flowers, leaves, and stems, are used for different purposes due to the presence of different bioactive compounds that have the potential for disease prevention and management. The present review article provides an insight into A. millefolium L., including its morphological description, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, synergistic interactions with other therapeutics, nanoparticles formulation, and commercial and industrial uses. A. millefolium L. possesses a wide range of therapeutic applications because it can decrease oxidative stress and has strong antimicrobial activity. It is also involved in the treatment of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, inflammation, and cancer, by modulating signaling pathways (NF‐κB, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, RAS/RAF) and inflammatory markers (IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α). The synergistic effects of A. millefolium L. with other medicinal plants, drugs, and nano‐formulations are important factors for its clinical applications. In addition, it has been used in commercial cosmetics, the food sector, and other products because it is considered safe and has wound‐healing properties. Finally, the wide range of phytochemicals and the essential oil composition of A. millefolium L. indicate broad therapeutic potential and warrant further studies into its additional benefits. Sophisticated technologies and approaches are required to design and test drug formulations and delivery systems.