Exploring the Functional Potential of Date ( <i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> ) Seed Bioactives in Modulating Gut Microbiota in Diabetic Rats

Abstract

ABSTRACT Date fruits ( Phoenix dactilyfera L.) are widely produced with huge wasted by‐products (seeds/pits and fibers) in remarkable nutritional and economic potential value. This study aims to examine the impact of the functional properties of date seeds on health status and gut microbiota (GM) modulation in diabetic rats. Collected samples were dried and used in powdered form (DSP) for chemical compositions. Diabetic rats were then fed with this (5%, 10%, and 15%) versus control healthy group. Blood samples were used for glucose (BG) with lipid profiles (cholesterol; CHO), triglycerides (TG), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL). Additionally, kidney (Urea, Criatinine) and histological function and GM were measured. Data indicated that DSP contain crude fiber, total sugar, and crude fat about 77%, 6%, and 6% respectively. Additionally, potassium was the highest while phosphorus shows the lowest (31.53 ± 1.19 vs. 2.48 ± 0.31 g/100 g DSP). Iron, calcium, sodium, and magnesium were 14.29 ± 0.59, 12.53 ± 0.49, 9.23 ± 0.22, and 7.60 ± 0.42 g/100 g DSP respectively. The 10% and 15% DSP supplementations affected the GM; Clostridium histolyticum reductions versus Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus enhancement. Also, kidney functions and lipid profile improved especially at 15% supplementations (CHO and TG decrease vs. HDL‐c increase). Valorization of date seed by‐products indicates their potential health effects on lipids and kidney functions among diabetic models influenced by their antioxidant, mineral and fiber levels in association to GM composition. However, further studies are needed on humans with sustainable utilization manner of food waste.