Exploring the feasibility of solar mini-grids for island communities in Uganda

Abstract

<title>Abstract</title> This study assessed the feasibility of installing solar-powered mini-grid systems on Koome Main and Damba Island (Uganda), to bridge the energy access gap in off-grid communities. Despite being economically active, these islands face significant challenges in accessing essential services such as healthcare, education and business infrastructure due to the lack of electricity. A mixed-methods approach including surveys, interviews, focus group discussions and technical modelling using STATA, Excel and PVSYST was used to assess the technical, economic and social feasibility of the project. The results indicate that the installation of mini-grids of 1000kWp and 500kWp on Koome Main and Damba Island respectively is technically feasible, with projected energy outputs of 1521 MWh/year and 762.58 MWh/year. The economic assessment shows favorable financial indicators, including an internal rate of return (IRR) of around 12%, but highlights challenges related to high loan interest rates and the need for financial incentives. Community acceptance is generally positive, although concerns about reliability remain. A modular approach to system development, coupled with productive energy use in fish preservation and agro-processing, is essential for long-term sustainability. Cooperation between the government and the private sector will be crucial to ensure affordable financing, system ownership and ongoing capacity building.