Exploring potential gold mineralization in the New Delta agricultural area (Egypt) under climate change scenario

Abstract

Integrated remote sensing and geochemical analysis of the New Delta area, North Egypt, reveals significant gold and silver mineralization potential in Moghara Formation sandstones. Portable X-ray fluorescence analysis of 300 samples identified gold and silver anomalies. Fire-assay analysis of 10 representative samples confirmed gold concentrations of 3–8 ppm (mean 5.8 ppm) and silver concentrations of 3–12 ppm (mean 7.9 ppm). Portable XRF screening of the broader sample set indicated higher apparent silver values (17–28 ppm), suggesting systematic overestimation by this semi-quantitative method. Remote sensing using Landsat 9 imagery successfully mapped hydrothermal alteration zones through band ratio analysis and Principal Component Analysis, showing spatial correlation with geochemical anomalies. Multi-element signatures (Au-Ag-Zn associations) and alteration indicators (K 2 O/Al 2 O 3 ratios, variable MgO content) are consistent with epithermal mineralization systems. Climate data analysis (1979–2024) indicates increasing temperatures with implications for agricultural development planning in mineralized areas. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrated exploration approaches in sedimentary environments and provides a framework for sustainable land-use planning in the New Delta agricultural expansion area. Results support preliminary economic evaluation of mineral potential while considering agricultural development priorities.