Exploring perceptions on vulnerabilities and resilience to scabies among street children: a qualitative study in Ethiopia

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Scabies is a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) and a significant public health concern in resource-limited settings. While the prevalence and burden of scabies in Ethiopia have been well documented among the general population, little attention has been given to the perspectives of street children on their vulnerability to this condition. This study aims to explore street children's views on their perceived susceptibility to scabies, the role of gender in this vulnerability, and their resilience strategies. METHODS: A qualitative ethnographic study was conducted from March to May 2024 across three Ethiopian cities: Addis Ababa, Hawassa, and Adama. Data were collected through in-depth interviews (IDIs), participatory group discussions (PGDs), key informant interviews (KIIs), and non-participant observations. To ensure diverse representation of informants, a purposive sampling approach was used to recruit 66 street children, 15 parents, and 15 key informants. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze and interpret the data. FINDINGS: Although some street children could describe typical scabies symptoms, the study uncovered widespread misconceptions and limited understanding of the causes and prevention of the disease. Many children viewed scabies as contagious and linked to poor personal hygiene, but did not mention mites as agents, and considered scabies an inevitable consequence of street life. Participants believed scabies was prevalent among street children due to overcrowding, and close contact with infected peers. Male street children reported higher perceived vulnerability than their female counterparts, attributing this to differences in working conditions, access to hygiene facilities, and societal attitudes. Peer support networks, support from charities, and personal resilience were seen as key factors in coping with the condition. CONCLUSIONS: Peer-led, integrated health education interventions are crucial in reducing street children's vulnerability to scabies. These efforts should actively engage street children and their support networks. Additionally, gender-specific interventions should be developed to address the unique vulnerabilities of male and female street children, tailoring health communication accordingly.