article · Biologia
Microbial exopolysaccharides synthesized by extremophiles possess distinctive structural properties that offer diverse practical uses. A haloalkalitolerant bacterium isolated from a salt lake, Alkalibacillus sp. w3, was evaluated for exopolysaccharide production and biological activity. By optimising growth conditions in Horikoshi I broth medium using a Plackett-Burman statistical design, exopolysaccharide yield doubled compared to initial levels. Optimal production required a seven-day incubation period, an alkaline pH of 10, and high salinity of 250 grams per litre of sodium chloride, with glucose proving to be the most influential carbon source alongside yeast extract and peptone as nitrogen sources. Chemical analysis of the recovered biopolymer revealed a composition of 65.13 percent carbohydrates, 30.89 percent proteins, and 3.98 percent lipids. In laboratory assays, the polymer exhibited notable antibacterial action across Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeast, as well as cytotoxic activity against human colon and liver cancer cell lines.
Extremophile bacteria that survive in harsh environments, such as high-salt lakes, can generate specialised biomolecules with valuable properties. Identifying efficient ways to culture these microorganisms and harvest their polymers enables the discovery of natural compounds capable of combating microbial infections and cancer cells, presenting new opportunities to develop therapeutics from previously untapped biological resources.
The findings suggest potential applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical development, specifically as therapeutic candidates for cancer therapy and antimicrobial treatments. Pharmaceutical researchers and drug discovery companies would be the primary users. This work represents early-stage laboratory research, meaning significant preclinical testing, purification refinement, safety profiling, and scale-up studies are required before reaching commercial medical use.
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Abstract Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) provide a broad range of applications. Thus, there is an increasing interest in the production, characterization, and use of EPS derived from various microorganisms. Extremophile polysaccharides have unique properties and applications due to its unique structures. The importance of exopolysaccharides synthesized by a new bacterial strain, Alkalibacillus sp. w3, was highlighted in this study. Alkalibacillus sp. w3, a haloalkalitolerant firmicute that was recovered from a salt lake, was optimized for EPS production, and its biological activities were studied. Exopolysaccharide synthesis was observed in Horikoshi I broth medium. The optimal culture conditions for achieving the highest exopolysaccharide production were a 7-day incubation period, pH 10, and 250 g/L of NaCl. The most effective carbon and nitrogen sources for EPS production were glucose and a combination of yeast extract and peptone. Additionally, Plackett-statistical Burman’s design showed that all factors tested had a favorable impact, with glucose having the greatest significance on the production of EPS. The model’s best predictions for culture conditions resulted in a two-fold improvement in EPS production compared to the original yield before optimization. The recovered EPS contained 65.13% carbohydrates, 30.89% proteins, and 3.98% lipids. Moreover, EPS produced by Alkalibacillus sp. w3 demonstrated anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) cell lines, with IC50 values as low as 11.8 and 15.5 µg/mL, respectively, besides antibacterial activity against various Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeast. Based on these results, EPS made by Alkalibacillus sp. w3 has many useful properties, which make it suitable for use in the medical field.
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DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01233-1
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