article · Energy & Environment
India ranks as the third-largest global energy consumer, accounting for approximately seven percent of worldwide carbon emissions as living standards and incomes rise. Alongside a quadrupling of resource extraction since 1970, reliance on fossil fuel energy transformation has driven substantial greenhouse gas emissions. An econometric investigation spanning 1970 to 2020 evaluated the relationships between energy intensity, renewable energy, natural resources, economic growth, and carbon intensity using dynamic simulated autoregressive distributed lag and kernel-based regularised least squares approaches. The empirical findings indicate that renewable energy adoption and natural resource management contribute to lower carbon emissions, thereby enhancing environmental quality. Conversely, higher energy intensity and ongoing economic expansion lead to increased carbon emissions across both the short and long run. These results offer an empirical evidence base intended to guide national environmental and energy policy formulation.
Balancing economic growth with climate goals presents a severe challenge for developing nations. As India accounts for a notable share of global emissions, identifying the specific factors that worsen or alleviate environmental degradation helps decision-makers direct national resources effectively. Understanding how clean energy and natural resources lower emissions provides clearer justification for shifting away from energy-intensive practices without halting progress.
The abstract does not indicate a commercialisation pathway or direct technology application, focusing instead on macroeconomic and econometric analysis for national policy recommendations. The research is early-stage analytical evidence rather than a deployable product or service, though it may inform government agencies, environmental regulators, and energy planners seeking empirical backing for renewable energy and conservation mandates.
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India remained the third-largest energy consumer in the world, responsible for around 7% of global carbon emissions due to rising incomes and improving living standards. Although resource extraction has quadrupled since 1970 due to rising population and demand for natural resources, energy use and transformation, notably of fossil fuel energy, have increased by around 45%, thus increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this view, this study aims to explore energy intensity, renewable energy, natural resources, economic growth, and environmental degradation nexus in India. The novel dynamic simulated autoregressive distributed lag and kernel-based regularized least squares (KRLS) approaches are used to explore the effects of energy intensity, renewable energy, natural resources, and economic growth on carbon intensity for India from 1970 to 2020. The empirical results reveal that renewable energy and natural resources improve India's environmental quality via the mitigation of carbon emissions. It is also found that energy intensity and economic growth deteriorate the country's environmental quality by increasing carbon emissions in the short- and long run. A series of robustness estimation affirms the above evidence, thus providing requisite guideline for relevant policy recommendations for the country.
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DOI: 10.1177/0958305x231169706
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