Examining Physical Activity and Obesity Patterns in Adult Patients at a Mission-based Hospital Outpatient Clinic in Southwest Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Background: The rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) presents a significant global health challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Physical inactivity (PI) which ranked as the fourth leading risk factor for global deaths, alongside with obesity which affected over 650 million adults in 2016 are important risk factors. Monitoring levels of physical activity (PA) and obesity is essential for tracking NCD risk factors. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate physical activity levels, body mass index (BMI), and their interrelationship among adult patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 364 adult patients at a tertiary healthcare facility over a three-month period. Data was gathered through self-administered questionnaire and BMI measurements. Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests, correlation, and regression analyses with level of significance set at p < 0.05. Results: About half 182 (50.0%) had low PA levels, while 95 (26.1%) and 97 (26.7%) were overweight and obese respectively. The prevalence of PI 125(54.1%) and obesity 84(36.4%) among females was higher than males 57(42.9%) and 13(9.8%) (P < 0.001). PI was commoner among class 3 obese individuals 14 (87.5%) compared to those with normal weight 68 (45.9%) (P = 0.027). A negative correlation existed between PA and BMI (r = -0.159, P = 0.002), with physically inactive individuals three times more likely to have a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m² (OR = 3.37, P = 0.036). Conclusion: The significant prevalence of PI and obesity, especially among females, highlights the urgent need for interventions to address these public health issues.