article · Microorganisms
Coagulase-negative staphylococci are emerging causes of serious hospital infections in humans. An investigation evaluated the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of these bacteria collected from 250 cloacal swabs of healthy turkeys across farms in Egypt. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry identified 39 isolates. Phenotypic testing against 20 antimicrobials revealed universal resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, penicillin, ampicillin, and tetracycline. Notably, 79.5 percent of isolates exhibited resistance to linezolid, alongside high resistance to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, oxacillin, daptomycin, and tigecycline, whereas resistance to imipenem and vancomycin remained low at 12.8 percent. Genetic screening identified key resistance determinants, including erm(C) in all erythromycin-resistant samples. Furthermore, linezolid resistance was linked to the detection of cfr and optrA genes in 35.5 percent and 38.7 percent of resistant isolates, respectively, clarifying resistance mechanisms circulating in poultry.
Linezolid is a critical antibiotic used to treat severe Gram-positive bacterial infections in humans. The detection of widespread linezolid resistance and transferable resistance genes in healthy livestock highlights poultry as a potential reservoir for resistant pathogens. Understanding these patterns helps public health authorities and veterinary bodies track the dissemination of high-priority resistance mechanisms across agricultural and clinical environments.
This early-stage research provides diagnostic markers and resistance profiles relevant to veterinary diagnostics and public health surveillance organisations. The data could inform the design of targeted molecular assays to detect specific resistance genes, such as cfr and optrA, in livestock. Beyond providing foundational data for surveillance programmes, the abstract does not indicate a direct commercial application pathway.
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Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are gaining much attention as causative agents of serious nosocomial infections in humans. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of CoNS as well as the presence of resistance-associated genes in CoNS isolated from turkey farms in Egypt. Two hundred and fifty cloacal swabs were collected from apparently healthy turkeys in Egypt. Suspected isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The susceptibility testing of CoNS isolates against 20 antimicrobial agents was performed using the broth microdilution test. The presence of resistance-associated genes like mecA, vanA, blaZ, erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), aac-aphD, optrA, valS, and cfr was determined. Thirty-nine CoNS were identified. All isolates were phenotypically resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, penicillin, ampicillin, and tetracycline. The resistance rates to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, oxacillin, daptomycin, and tigecycline were 97.4%, 94.9%, 92.3%, 89.7%, and 87.2%, respectively. Thirty-one isolates were resistant to linezolid (79.5%). Low resistance rate was detected for both imipenem and vancomycin (12.8%). The erm(C) gene was identified in all erythromycin phenotypically resistant isolates, whereas two resistant isolates possessed three resistance-conferring genes erm(A), erm(B), and erm(C). The cfr and optrA genes were detected in 11 (35.5%) and 12 (38.7%) of the 31 linezolid-resistant isolates. The mecA, aac-aphD, and blaZ genes were identified in 22.2%, 41.9%, and 2.6% of phenotypically resistant isolates to oxacillin, gentamicin, and penicillin, respectively. This is the first study revealing the correlation between linezolid resistance and presence of cfr and optrA genes in CoNS isolates from Egypt, and it can help to improve knowledge about the linezolid resistance mechanism.
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DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100476
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