article · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Bacteria gathered from layer chicken sources, including water, feed, and digestive tracts, frequently carry multidrug resistance against common antibiotics such as amoxicillin, erythromycin, and cefuroxine. Among the isolated bacteria, Escherichia coli was most prevalent, alongside Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, and Klebsiella oxytoca. Testing eleven plant extracts against these resistant strains demonstrated that seven possessed antibacterial activity using agar diffusion methods. A methanol extract derived from Mangifera indica Julie cultivar leaves displayed the strongest inhibitory activity, followed by extracts from Euadenia trifoliata stem bark and Euadenia eminens leaves. The tested bacteria showed varied susceptibility patterns, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibiting the highest vulnerability to the extracts, followed by Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. These results show that select botanical extracts contain active substances capable of targeting resistant bacterial strains found in poultry.
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria emerging from poultry production present serious concerns for public health when conventional antimicrobial drugs become ineffective. Confirming that specific botanical extracts can suppress resistant strains provides a pathway toward discovering alternative antibacterial agents. Identifying active plant candidates helps guide future efforts to address the widespread challenge of treating multi-antibiotic resistant bacterial infections linked to livestock.
This research is at an early laboratory discovery stage. The findings indicate potential utility for veterinary or pharmaceutical drug developers seeking bioactive molecules to formulate new antimicrobial treatments against resistant bacteria. Substantial work remains before commercialisation is feasible, including isolating active compounds, evaluating efficacy in living systems, and completing toxicological assessments before any real-world application can occur.
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BACKGROUND: Plant extracts were evaluated on poultry bacteria known to be threatening public health. This is to develop better bio-therapeutic agents from plant origin. METHODS: Bacteria were isolated from water, feed, crop, gizzard and faeces of layer chicken. Isolates of interest (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella oxytoca) were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test. Resistant strains were further evaluated against different plant extracts in comparison to Meropenem (control) using agar diffusion method. RESULTS: E. coli had the highest occurrence (53 %), followed by P. aeruginosa (25 %) and then S. enteritidis (13 %) while the least was K. oxytoca (9 %). Virtually all the isolates exhibited multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) with gross resistance to Amoxicillin, Erythromycin and Cefuroxine. P. aeruginosa (75 %), S. enteritidis (75 %) and E. coli (63 %), had the highest MAR. Out of the 11 (100 %) plant extracts evaluated, 7 (64 %) were outstanding and showed varied levels of antibacterial activity. Specifically, methanol extract of Mangifera indica Julie cultivar leaf (MJLM) had the highest antibacterial activity, followed by Euadenia trifoliata stem bark (TB03) and Euadenia eminens leaf (TB05). P. aeruginosa was highly susceptible (81.81 %) to the extracts, followed by S. enteritidis (63.64 %) and then E. coli (27.27 %). CONCLUSIONS: MJLM and other extracts have proven to be promising extracts in which to search for bioactive components that can be developed into therapeutic drugs. This may help in the management of antibiotic resistant bacterial isolates from poultry chicken threatening public health.
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DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1399-z
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