Evaluation of Serum Level of Zinc, Copper and Magnesium in Asthmatic Children and Their Correlation to Disease Severity

Abstract

Background: Trace elements are essential micronutrients found in the body in extremely small amounts. Generation of free radicals may be linked to trace element deficiencies and are known to cause damage to cells and tissues . They are assumed to have a role in etiology of numerous diseases, including bronchial asthma. Trace elements zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and magnesium (Mg) are necessary for the antioxidant enzymes and, consequently, for the immune system to function at its best . The possibility that the dysregulation of trace elements contributes to the pathogenesis of asthma has been extensively reported. However, the specific alterations in trace element levels in asthmatic instances are still unknown. Aim: Prediction of severity of bronchial asthma in children in relation to serum level of zinc, copper and magnesium. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 124 children at pediatric pulmonology outpatient clinic and inpatient of pediatrics pulmonology unit in Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University. Children were divided into: Group A comprised 62 children diagnosed asthmatic. Group B comprised 62 clinically healthy controls. Results: Asthmatic group had significantly lower serum zinc and magnesium and higher serum copper than control group. Severe persistent group had lower zinc and magnesium when compared to intermittent and mild persistent asthma. Conclusion: Zinc and magnesium were lower in the serum samples of asthmatic patients. The reduction in these elements may contribute to the manifestation of the allergic diseases. Serum copper is significantly elevated in asthmatic patients reflecting its potential role in the pathogenesis of asthma.