Evaluation of Endocan Biomarker Levels in Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid of Healthy and Diseased Peri-Implant Tissues (Cross Sectional Study)

Abstract

<title>Abstract</title> Objective This study investigates the role of Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 (Endocan), a novel endothelial-derived biomarker, in differentiating healthy from diseased peri-implant tissues and it’s potential use as a diagnostic biomarker for peri-implant disease. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 62 peri-implant tissue sites (31 healthy and 31 diseased), selected based on clinical and radiographic criteria. Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was collected using paper points, and Endocan levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, employing Student's t-tests to compare Endocan levels between groups. Results Endocan levels were significantly high in diseased peri-implant tissues compared to healthy tissues (770.6 ± 128.7 ng/L vs. 643.7 ± 128.5 ng/L; p = 0.001). Within the diseased group, peri-mucositis exhibited moderately increased Endocan levels (736.3 ± 87.4 ng/L), while peri-implantitis displayed the highest levels (857.3 ± 42.7 ng/L), indicating a progressive rise in Endocan with increasing disease severity. Conclusions Endocan emerges as a promising biomarker for detecting peri-implant inflammation and distinguishing between disease severities. These findings pave the way for further research into Endocan’s diagnostic and prognostic utility in oral healthcare.