Evaluation of developmental, biochemical, physiological and tolerance responses of detached henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) internodes to cadmium

Abstract

Henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) is vegetatively propagated by internodes. The detached internodes of L. inermis were propagated in soils contaminated with different concentrations of cadmium (Cd). The contents of Cd, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), chlorophylls, enzymetic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were evaluted. The Cd accumulation in the roots demonstrated a substantial increase with elevated concentrations of Cd in the soil. However, the presence of Cd in the leaves was not observed. Low Cd concentration displayed superior growth parameters relative to both the control group. Moreover, H2O2 levels in the leaves of L. inermis were significantly elevated exhibiting a dose-dependent relationship with increasing Cd exposure. Increase of Cd boosted the activities of antioxidant enzymes. In Cd treatments, the accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants in the leaves increased significantly compared to the control. The internodes of L. inermis may be suitable for phytoremediation of soil contaminated with Cd. The roots should be avoided when preparing medicinal treatments.