article · Agriculture
Surveys across six representative oases in southern Morocco reveal substantial agrodiversity alongside emerging vulnerabilities driven by agricultural modernisation. Field interviews with farmers identified 55 crops across 183 varieties, confirming the widespread practice of polyculture. Agrodiversity levels varied across locations, with Tata recording 42 crops and Zagora recording 28. Unique crop and variety profiles distinguish individual oases and ksour. However, modernisation influenced by farm size, land fragmentation, and irrigation methods poses notable risks. The transition away from traditional household consumption crops toward commercial cash crops threatens local food security and reduces nutritional diversity. Furthermore, modernised agricultural practices increase water consumption, placing additional pressure on fragile water supplies in arid environments facing ongoing climatic fluctuations and droughts.
Oases act as vital biodiversity sanctuaries in harsh desert climates. Documenting crop diversity is essential for preserving traditional agroecosystems against climate change. Understanding how agricultural modernisation drives water depletion and undermines nutritional diversity helps policymakers and communities protect local food security and manage scarce water resources in vulnerable arid regions.
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Oases play a crucial role in human societies and the conservation of biodiversity, especially in harsh environments like arid zones. They serve as sanctuaries for agrodiversity, preserving diverse agricultural resources under challenging climatic conditions. However, these agroecosystems are becoming increasingly vulnerable to climate fluctuations, droughts, and other environmental changes. Understanding these unique agroecosystems is essential for developing effective strategies to protect them. Agrodiversity serves as a key indicator of the overall health of traditional agroecosystems. To assess the richness and diversity of agrodiversity, field surveys were conducted in six representative oases in southern Morocco. Within each oasis, we interviewed 20 farmers in five ksour. Our findings confirm the widespread practice of polyculture and reveal significant diversity among the oases. A total of 55 crops were identified, consisting of 183 varieties. Specifically, the oasis of Tata employed 42 crops, Alnif had 41 crops, Guelmim had 38 crops, Aoufouss had 32 crops, Rich had 29 crops, and Zagora had 28 crops. The profiles of varieties clearly distinguish between ksour and oases, highlighting the unique identities of each oasis. The modernization of farming practices is influenced by factors such as farm size, plot fragmentation, dispersal, and irrigation methods. However, its consequences are concerning. There is a risk of losing agrodiversity and compromising the food security of local populations. The shift from household consumption crops to cash crops has negative implications for the availability of diverse and nutritious food. Moreover, modernization often leads to increased water consumption, further straining the already limited water resources in these oases.
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DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13071413
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