Evaluating the Use of Inhaled Budesonide and Ipratropium Bromide Combination in Patients at High Risk of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Development: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Objectives: There is a scarcity of pharmacological treatments that efficiently address lung injury in individuals experiencing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Early inhaled corticosteroids and ipratropium may reduce pulmonary inflammation and injury of the lungs, minimizing the risk of ARDS. Method: This is a double-blinded randomized control trial conducted on patients at risk of ARDS. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups; the intervention group (63 patients) were administered aerosolized budesonide and ipratropium bromide, and the control group (56) were administered a placebo every eight hours for five days. Alteration in oxygen saturation divided by inspired oxygen (Fio2) (S/F) after five days was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included ARDS occurrence, mechanical ventilation (MV) requirement, hospital stay duration, and mortality rates. Results: Of the 604 screened, only 119 patients were included. The intervention group (63 patients) S/F ratio recovered versus the fall of the control group. Both groups had similar organ dysfunction and 28-day mortality. The intervention group had significantly (p < 0.001) fewer cases developing ARDS (9.5%) and MV (9.5%) than the control group (46.4% and 35.7%, respectively). Conclusions: The administration of inhaled budesonide and ipratropium bromide improved oxygenation, as assessed by the S/F ratio, and significantly reduced the rate of ARDS development and the requirement of MV versus the control group. Larger multi-center trials including diverse patient populations are needed to validate these results.