conference paper
This research evaluates the thermal breakdown and kinetic behaviour of palm waste cellulosic fibres during pyrolysis under a nitrogen atmosphere. Heating experiments from 25 to 1000 degrees Celsius at varying rates were analysed alongside infrared spectroscopy to understand degradation patterns and reaction products. By testing thirty-six solid-phase kinetic models, the reaction mechanism was determined to follow random nucleation and subsequent growth. Activation energy rose with higher heating rates, spanning from 217 to 261 kilojoules per mole. Thermodynamic calculations confirmed that the decomposition of these fibres is endothermic and non-spontaneous. The results from an optimised artificial neural network model were validated against established model-free methods, offering detailed foundational data on the decomposition parameters necessary for processing palm waste via pyrolysis.
As fossil fuel reserves decline, converting agricultural residue into sustainable energy is increasingly important. Processing plant waste effectively requires an exact understanding of how it breaks down under heat. Determining these reaction rates and energy demands provides essential baseline information for designing efficient biomass processing equipment that can transform palm residue into renewable energy.
The findings could inform engineers and technology developers seeking to design industrial pyrolysis reactors and optimize biomass conversion systems for agricultural residues. Because the research focuses strictly on laboratory-scale thermogravimetric testing, kinetic modelling, and algorithm comparison, it represents early-stage fundamental research that requires pilot-scale process validation before direct commercial deployment.
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Biomass has emerged as a promising renewable energy source due to declining fossil fuel reserves and environmental issues linked to their use. Understanding the characteristics of biomass pyrolysis is crucial, as it provides valuable information for developing and improving the pyrolysis process. A thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) conducted in a nitrogen atmosphere examined the pyrolysis features and kinetic parameters of palm waste cellulosic fibers (PWCFs). The temperature ranged from 25 to 1000°C, with heating rates ($\beta$) of 25, 45, and$60^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \cdot \min^{-1}$. The study investigated the kinetic and thermodynamic properties, pyrolytic products, and thermal degradation behavior of PWCFs using TGA and Fourier transform infrared analysis in an inert atmosphere. Thirty-six kinetic models for four key stages of the solid-phase reaction were tested with the Coats-Redfern method. The pre-exponential factor of the reaction model, which ranged from 7.566 to 7.214 for all$\beta$values, was identified as the most suitable, based on assuming random nucleation and subsequent growth. Activation energy values of 217, 239, and$261 ~\text{kJ} \cdot ~\text{mol}^{-1}$were obtained at$\beta$of 25,45, and$60^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \cdot \min^{-1}$, respectively. The kinetic parameters were used to calculate the thermodynamic properties ($\Delta \mathrm{H}, \Delta \mathrm{G}$, and$\Delta \mathrm{S}$). The thermodynamic data indicate that the pyrolysis of PWCFs is an endothermic process that is not spontaneous. The kinetic and thermodynamic properties derived from the best-fit model (ANN27) were compared with those predicted by three model-free approaches: Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, and Starink.
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DOI: 10.1109/senze66459.2025.11428691
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